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The success of water leak detection is related to the devices used, the technique and the experience.
The most important studies to reduce water losses are;
1. Reducing pressures on water resources, delaying the need for new water resources
2. Increased satisfaction of subscribers
3. Reducing the economic losses in water supply and reducing water prices / delaying the price increase
4. Funding for new investment projects
5. Decreasing the expenses of water administrations
6.To reach the level of developed countries in terms of urban water management
Active leak control is a vital application for cost-effective and effective water loss management. As explained in detail in Chapter 5, the network must first be divided into hydraulically independent isolated sub-regions (DMA). The flow rate at the DMA input must be measured with a precision flow meter and recorded continuously. If the water management has a SCADA system, the water flow can be measured in real-time. The SCADA system triggers an alarm for a flow level that exceeds certain limit values and increases rapidly in the network due to pipe bursts. Thus, the formation of pipe bursts can be determined quickly with the SCADA system. In addition, by monitoring the Minimum Night Flow continuously, the net amount of night flow (leakage) can be determined. The increase in net night flow indicates increased leaks. Acoustic methods can be used to locate recognized pipe outlets and leaks.
The most basic method for detecting and locating a leak is listening to the sound/noise of the outlet of water under pressure from the pipe. The effectiveness of this activity depends on the system pressure, the size and shape of the leak, the pipe diameter, and material. There are much modern acoustic equipment and software developed by professional commercial firms. Commonly used acoustic equipment is listed below:
Acoustic recorders are used to narrow areas of a suspected pipe burst or leakage within a DMA. Acoustic recorders, usually grouped as 6, 12, or 18, are placed in the area where leak detection is to be carried out. To this end, each acoustic recorder is mounted on hydrants, meters, or valves in the area.
Verifications can be made for sounds/noises suspected to be caused by leaks, and the location of leaks can also be detected using other equipment described below. Some acoustic recorder systems can combine in instantaneous location için for leakage by combining sound/noise data from multiple points.
This system uses the speed of movement of the noise caused by the leakage into two microphones connected to the fittings on either side of the possible leak point in the pipe. The success of this method depends on the intensity of the noise due to leakage and the sound conductivity of the pipe material. Advanced model noise correlators can easily detect leakage up to 0.5 meters for most pipe diameters by frequency selection or filtering. In order for this system to function effectively, it is necessary to have sufficient contact points along the pipeline.
There are also simple low-cost models for this system. These models have a single channel radio connection and few functions. Although the mentioned models are easy to use and suitable for many situations, they are disadvantageous for long-distance correlation studies.
Ground microphones electronically amplify sound / noise caused by leakage. These devices can be installed for use in contact or monitoring mode. Contact mode is used to listen to the fittings and is similar to electronic listening bars.
The monitoring mode is used to search for leaks in pipelines between fittings. In this method, the ground microphone is placed at certain distances on the pipeline, and the noise level changes as it approaches the leak point. When a leak is detected by acoustic recorders or leak noise correlator, the site team can locate the leak point.
Listening Bar:
A listening stick or “stethoscope” is a simple and inexpensive instrument made of wood or metal with a piece at the end to amplify sounds. To listen to the leak sound, the field team can listen on the road surface or directly on the pipes or fittings. The listening rod is a bamboo cane or metal rod etc. It can be made from easily found materials. Tapping bars are often used to verify a leak site in the field that was previously detected by the leak noise correlator or to check whether a repair at a leak point is complete.
With the above-mentioned devices, not only the sound/noise of the leak but also the pump, faucet, air valve, etc. in the system. Noises of the parts are also detected. Therefore, the staff involved in the active leak control team must be able to use the equipment well and be capable of correctly detecting leak points. While these devices are very useful for active leak control, they are necessary for proper use and maintenance of the devices and to provide maximum benefit.
Every drop of water is precious. We are aware of this and we are with you.
No success is a coincidence.